Es habitual que las políticas de gestión de colecciones de los museos incluyan una planificación de la exposición de objetos sensibles a la luz, tales como obras sobre papel y textiles. A menudo incluyen recomendaciones sobre niveles de luz y especifican el tiempo durante el cual se puede exponer un objeto antes de devolverlo al almacén para que “descanse”. La duración del período de exposición y del tiempo de descanso son, de hecho, puramente arbitrarias –en realidad todos los objetos sensibles a la luz tienen una vida finita–. Planteáoslo como si cada objeto tuviera una cuenta bancaria de la que se pueden retirar fondos, pero en la que no se pueden hacer depósitos. Cada período de exposición es una retirada de fondos. El período “de descanso” no es un período durante el cual el objeto se recupera del tiempo de exposición, puesto que –ahora todos juntos– el daño causado por la luz es acumulativo e irreversible. Cuando la cuenta se agota, se agota. Solo tienes que decirle a cualquiera que te pida que acortes el tiempo de descanso o que alargues el de exposición que lo que realmente te está pidiendo es que agotes el tiempo “de vida” del objeto más rápido. O, por enfocarlo de un modo un poco distinto, puedes exponer el objeto con frecuencia ahora, o puedes exponerlo con muy poca frecuencia para que tus tataranietos puedan tener la oportunidad de verlo.
Respecto a cómo de largo puede ser ese ciclo “vital”, eso depende de muchos factores –el ambiente en el que se almacena el objeto, la cantidad de luz y otros factores ambientales del espacio en que se expone, y las fibras, tintes, tintas y cualquier otro material constitutivo del objeto. Junto con el tiempo que pasa expuesto, estos factores, tanto los que se pueden controlar como los que no, determinarán la duración de esa cuenta bancaria.
Anne T. Lane
Mountain Heritage Center
Western Carolina University
Traducción al español desde el inglés: Lucía Villarreal
Este post también se encuentra disponible en italiano, traducido por Silvia Telmon.
Mark makes an excellent point about needing to evaluate light damage relative to other risks to the collection in order to understand its importance. It would be a shame to keep objects from view only to have them degrade in other ways or be lost to fire, flood, or theft long before their useful display life has been used. Recognizing the importance of considering risks in context is the driving force behind leading institutions now embarking on comprehensive collection risk assessments. If there are one or more risks other than light damage that dominate the risk profile to a collection then there may be little point to rotating which objects are on exhibit.
It is also important to realize that rotating objects from the collection on and off exhibit does not reduce light damage to a collection as a whole but simply alters its distribution. In some cases distributing light damage more broadly through the collection will result in greater loss of value from the collection. The change in object value seldom has a simple, straight line relation to extent of light damage. Usually the change from a “pristine” state to a “just noticeable change” results in a much greater loss in value than a just noticeable change step somewhere in the mid-range between pristine and completely damaged. This is generally recognized by herbaria who, knowing that dried plant specimens are extremely light fugitive, will choose only one page of a bound herbarium to be opened on exhibit. In this way light damage to the contents of the book is restricted to a single page. The remaining pages remain in the near pristine state for occasional viewing. In contrast, if the book has 100 pages and a different page is displayed each month then it would only be a matter of decades, if not just years, until every plant specimen in the book was severely faded.
Agnes Brokerhof and colleagues presented this issue well in their 2008 paper:
Brokerhof, Agnes W.; Reuss, Margrit; MacKinnon, Fiona; Ligterink, Frank; Neevel, Han; Fekrsanati, Farideh; and Scott, Graeme
Optimum access at minimum risk: the dilemma of displaying Japanese woodblock prints.
In Book. Conservation and access: contributions to the London Congress 15-19 September 2008. Saunders, David; Townsend, Joyce H.; and Woodcock, Sally (Editors). International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works, London, United Kingdom (2008) pp. 82-87 [English w. English summaries]. 6 figs. (4 color), 3 tables, 11 refs. [ISBN 0-9548169-2-7].
Errata: delete the “I pray that” – I have no idea how that sneaked in there!
Hi Robert,
I just removed it, makes much more sense now. Thanks to you and Mark for your insightful comments, enhancing the story for our readers!
Cheers,
Angela
I don’t know of any materials that rejuvenate from light induced damage in dark storage. I do know of materials that continue to degrade due to light-induced damage after removal from display and subsequent dark storage. I also can cite materials that can recover from some discoloration by fresh exposure to light, but it’s kind of a catch-22 as some components (e.g., inks on paper) in the artwork are being further degraded while other components (e.g., color of the media) are being improved by further exposure to light.
The key knowledge to be acquired by curators and conservators is not easy to gain in many instances, but it is how the light fade resistance compares to other degradation pathways. When a material is very light sensitive, it’s pretty much guaranteed that light exposure on display will be a major factor of concern, but with materials of moderate or high light fade resistance, then other weak links like gas fade resistance, thermal and humidity degradation, etc., may prevail in such a way that worrying about amortizing the time in the light on display may be totally irrelevant. Policies for storage and display need to be decided based on better understanding of all the likely variables of decay and not just one variable only since the variable in question may not be anywhere close to being the weak link in the chain.
What research has there been to discover whether ‘rest periods’ actually halt deterioration? Some materials will continue to suffer light damage after the light source has been removed. It’d be good to know what materials benefit from a ‘rest period’ and those that don’t.
Very helpful analogy (which I shall use!) I’ve found it to be quite a common misconception that ‘rest periods’ involve recuperation or recovery of an object in some way.